无机碳源对零价铁介导的自养脱氮序批式反应器处理高氨氮废水的影响

无机碳源作为自养微生物的能量来源,是影响自养脱氮细菌富集的重要因素。文章通过添加不同量的KHCO3作为ZVI介导的自养脱氮体系中无机碳源,研究反应体系的脱氮效果影响趋势以及适宜的无机碳源添加量。结果如下:1)KHCO3作为无机碳源可以显著提高NH^+4-N去除率,KHCO3添加量越多,其NH^+4-N去除率越高。KHCO3添加量分别为2 g,1 g,0.5 g的SBR反应器R2,R1,R0.5的NH^+4-N去除率分别为98.39%,65.18%,44.56%,相较不添加KHCO3的R0分别提高86.5%,53.29%,32.67%。ZVI的添加会降低KHCO3对NH^+4-N氧化的促进作用。2)KHCO3可明显提高TIN去除效果,促进总氮脱除的高低顺序是R1>R0.5>R2,SBR反应器R2,R1,R0.5的平均TIN去除率分别为19.01%,32.04%,27.62%,相较于空白组R0分别提高了10.60%,23.63%,19.21%。3)KHCO3可中和硝化反应产生的H^+,对反应体系具有缓冲作用,可使微生物处于较适宜的酸碱环境中,更有利于反应器的稳定运行。4)适量的无机碳源KHCO3可以促进氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌的活性。该研究探讨了无机碳源在零价铁脱氮体系中的影响趋势,为铁型脱氮技术提供了理论支撑。     

Development of colchicine‐induced tetraploid St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) lines

St. Augustinegrass is well suited for lawns and commercial landscapes. While many genotypes are cross‐fertile, all cultivars are propagated vegetatively in sod production. To ensure varietal purity, development of sterile triploid hybrids by crossing tetraploid and diploid genotypes has been successfully used in other warm‐season turfgrasses. Applying this model in St. Augustinegrass would be beneficial to sod producers and turf managers who require purity for certification and uniformity for performance, respectively. This study was conducted to develop colchicine‐induced tetraploid lines of St. Augustinegrass. Seeds of cultivar ‘Raleigh’ were treated with four colchicine concentrations at four exposure times. A non‐treated control was included among the treatments. Seedlings that germinated were screened for genome size changes using flow cytometry. Line DSA 13005 and two progeny lines derived through selfing, DSA 16001 and DSA 16016, were corroborated as tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36) through chromosome counts. These lines will be used in future breeding efforts to attempt development of sterile triploid cultivars of St. Augustinegrass.     

寄主植物中抑制十字花科黑腐病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统小分子化合物的鉴定

 寻找抑制植物病原菌III型分泌系统的植物源活性小分子化合物,是研发生物安全农药的重要途径之一。本研究采用水煮提取法从十字花科黑腐病菌寄主植物满身红萝卜中提取分离活性小分子化合物,利用高效液相-质谱联用解析出活性物质的单体结构。然后用荧光素酶基因luxAB构建融合报告系统以及定量PCR检测活性物质对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的抑制效果,最后采用剪叶接种和压渗接种的方法研究活性小分子物质对十字花科黑腐病菌的生防作用。研究表明,植物鞘氨醇和二氢鞘氨醇对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统基因的转录表达有一定程度的抑制作用,但是对I、II、IV型分泌系统基因的表达没有明显的抑制作用。植物鞘氨醇在XCM1上影响菌的生长,而二氢鞘氨醇不影响菌的生长。同时,还发现这两种物质能显著降低Xcc在寄主植株满身红萝卜上的病害症状以及能够使Xcc在非寄主植物辣椒上引起过敏反应的能力丧失。该研究结果为深入研究小分子化合物对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的作用机制及后续开发植物源抑制剂提供了一定的理论依据。     

混合盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗根系构型及生长量的影响

为探讨不同种类盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗生长状况的影响,采用室内培养的方法,研究总质量浓度为0.3%的NaCl、NaHCO₃单盐溶液及其不同配比的混合盐溶液胁迫对马蔺(Iris lactea var. chinensis)幼苗生长量、地上部干鲜重比值、地下部干鲜重比值以及根系构型的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,0.3%NaCl溶液对叶数和株高增长量的影响最小,其次为3种混合盐溶液,各处理在第14天时株高增幅达到最大。经0.3%NaHCO₃处理后的幼苗地上部干鲜重的比值为空白对照的2.17倍,地下部干鲜重则为空白对照的56.61%,随着混合溶液中NaHCO₃浓度的上升,地上部干鲜重比值表现出上升的趋势,地下部干鲜重比值则表现出下降的趋势。经35天处理后,0.3%NaHCO₃胁迫的马蔺幼苗根系总长、根系表面积较对照均显著下降,降幅分别为39.73%、26.08%,而各处理间的根系体积却无显著差异。研究结果显示,0.3%NaHCO₃溶液对马蔺幼苗的胁迫作用最强,2种单盐对根系的胁迫作用强于混合盐胁迫,而0.3%NaCl溶液对生长量的胁迫作用最弱。     

Mouse melanoma cell exosomes promote expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells on the expression of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) protein in fibroblasts. METHODS Ultracentrifugation was adopted to separete exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells. The morphological structure of exosomes was observed by negative-staining electron microscopy. The size distribution of exosomes was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Tyrp2), were identified by Western blot. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the process that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) took in exosomes during co-culture. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Rac1 protein in MEF. RESULTS B16-F10 cell exosomes showed a typical tea tray-like structure, with a size range of 141~255 nm, and expressed protein markers Tsg101 and Tyrp2. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, a small number of exosomes appeared in the MEF at 12 h, and a large number of exosomes accumulated in the MEF after co-cultured for 24 and 36 h. Western blot analysis showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the expression of Rac1 protein in the MEF was significantly increased at 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.01). The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the positive expression level of Rac1 in the MEF cells was significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Intake of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells promotes the expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts.     

豇豆新品种之豇618的选育

之豇618是以从四川引进的麻子豇豆为母本,以从辽宁引进的ZH优选株系为父本进行杂交,采用系统选育结合分子标记辅助抗枯萎病鉴定育成的中熟豇豆新品种。植株蔓生,花紫色,主侧蔓均可结荚,平均单株结荚14.4条;商品荚油绿色,条荚顺直,喙绿色,鼠尾少,平均荚长63.7 cm,单荚质量26.6 g,豆荚肉厚,粗纤维含量低,口感糯、微甜,可溶性糖含量为24.0 mg · g~(-1);对日照长短不敏感,中抗枯萎病和病毒病,早期产量与之豇106相当,总产量2 000 kg · (667 m~2)~(-1)左右,适宜在全国各地(除高寒地区外)种植。     

辣椒新品种桂牛5号的选育

桂牛5号是以自交系Ca1-5-1为母本,以自交系Ca1-3-8为父本配制而成的牛角椒一代杂种。中早熟,植株生长势较强,连续坐果能力强;果实长牛角形,果长25～30 cm,果肩宽3.5～4.0 cm,单果质量125 g左右;青熟果黄绿色,老熟果鲜红色,商品性好,微辣,果实干物质含量7.88%,VC含量1?530 mg · kg~(-1),辣椒素含量0.023%,宜鲜食,耐贮运;田间对病毒病、炭疽病、疫病的抗性强于对照黄美龙,露地栽培鲜椒产量3?500 kg · (667 m~2)~(-1)左右,适宜广西、广东等地春、秋露地种植。     

叶用芥菜新品种甬雪5号的选育

甬雪5号是以胞质雄性不育系07-50A为母本,以自交系09-3-1为父本配制而成的晚熟叶用芥菜(雪里蕻)一代杂种。播种至采收约112 d(天)。株型开展,生长势强,叶浅绿色,倒卵形,叶缘浅锯齿,叶裂刻深裂,叶面微皱、有光泽。平均有效蘖数26个,单株质量约1.1 kg,一般每667 m~2产量5?000 kg左右。抗病毒病(TuMV),加工品质优良,适宜在长江流域种植。     

菜用豌豆尖专用品种云豌1号的选育

云豌1号是以食荚90-17(无须蔓生品种)为母本,以食荚大菜豌(矮生品种)为父本进行杂交,经系统选育而成的矮生无须菜用豌豆新品种。植株直立矮生,株高50～60 cm,复叶无须(即卷须退化),营养体发达,叶片肥厚,嫩梢纤维少,幼苗质地柔软,食用品质佳,VC含量34.9 mg · kg~(-1),总黄酮含量3?290 mg · kg~(-1)。一般每667 m~2可产嫩尖850～1?200 kg,适宜云南省海拔1?100～2?400 m的豌豆产区或南方生境相似的秋播豌豆产区种植。     

虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒技术的研究

以兰属花卉虎雪兰组培原球茎为试材,采用玻璃化超低温法对兰花病毒脱除进行了研究,以期为虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒体系的建立提供参考依据。结果表明:在蔗糖浓度0.5 mol·L-1预培养4 d,然后在蔗糖0.6 mol·L-1加载液冰上处理50 min,之后转入PVS2溶液冰上玻璃化处理120 min,再液氮冷冻40 min,37℃水浴解冻3 min,最后卸载液(1/2MS+1.2 mol·L-1蔗糖)卸载20 min,待恢复培养后,原球茎成活率可达到65%以上,随机检测不同处理样品的脱毒率可达97%。